Mahjong CompendiumWright-Patterson

Proto-mahjong › Chinese classical › Babcock rules › Western / British Empire style › Wright-Patterson

Wright-Patterson

USAF spouses, Ohio

Sources

Sources

The documents this entry rests on, as published. Each can be opened and checked; nothing in this part is anybody’s reading of them.

  1. Guide Sloper, Tom. "FAQ 2b: Identifying a Mah-Jongg Variant." Sloperama. supporting checked 2026-09-18

    https://www.sloperama.com/mjfaq/mjfaq02b.html

    chart’s note Tile counts, hand sizes, flower handling and scoring for roughly 50 named variants. Primary source for most leaf nodes in this chart.

    for this variant The chart's source for the rules and still the only one for 13-tile hands, flowers melded at once, points then doubled and payment to all. Same author as the other Sloperama pages, so not independent of them

    Also cited on: Chinese archaic, Late Qing style, Chinese pre-classical, Chinese classical, Shanghai / Hong Kong new style, Hong Kong old style and 45 more · bibliography #1

  2. Organisation Wright-Patterson Spouses' Club (WPSC, formerly the Wright-Patterson Officers' Spouses' Club). "Mah Jongg." wrightpattersonosc.org, read 8 October 2026. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://wrightpattersonosc.org/mah-jongg.html

    AI summary The publisher's own page for the Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg books: mail-order sales of the 2022 edition, a short history of the 1963 first book and the women who led it, and the club's corrections and clarifications to the 2022 hands, including that jokers are still not used.

    for this variant The publisher's own page and not a chart citation: confirms the name, the Ohio air base, the spouses' club and the no-jokers rule. Its 1945 caption differs from the club newsletter's 1941; a FAQ hidden in the page source says the 2022 book has 92 hands

    Only cited here · bibliography #328

  3. Organisation Wright-Patterson Officers' Spouses' Club. "Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg" (Spotlight). The Wright Word, vol. 62 no. 2, September 2024, pp. 3-4. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://wrightpattersonosc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/September-2024-Newsletter-Public.pdf

    AI summary The club newsletter's history of its mah jongg rules: Helene Morris bringing the game to the base in July 1941, the jokerless rules she and friends standardised, the 1963 copyrighted book, and its revision every 5 to 7 years. The club's account of itself, with no sources.

    for this variant The club's own history and not a chart citation: dates the rules' start to 1941 and the first copyrighted book to 1963. It is the club's account of itself, written in 2024 with no sources

    Only cited here · bibliography #329

  4. Commercial Mahjong Time. "Wright Patterson Mah Jongg: About the Game." wpmahjongg.com, 2025. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://wpmahjongg.com/

    AI summary Home page of a paid online platform for Wright-Patterson play: a short description of the game (144 tiles, no jokers, a three-pass Charleston, flowers for scoring only, 92 scoring patterns) and starter hands by their book numbers.

    for this variant An online platform for Wright-Patterson play, independent of the chart: confirms 144 tiles and the Charleston, and with the club confirms no jokers. Its 92 patterns are more than Sloperama's 70-80

    Only cited here · bibliography #335

  5. Commercial Mahj Life. "Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg (Article 163)." Mahj Life wiki, created 2 September 2022, updated 15 October 2025. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://mahjlife.com/wiki/wright-patterson-mah-jongg-article-163/

    AI summary A teaching business's overview of Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg: origin claim, style, the six-yearly booklet, the nine hand categories and links to lessons. Gives no sources; the site is an affiliate of Mahjong Time.

    for this variant A teaching business's wiki, independent of the chart but affiliated with Mahjong Time. Its early-1920s date, given without a source, conflicts with the club's 1941 and with the 1956 and 1963 records

    Only cited here · bibliography #336

  6. Guide The Mahjong Line. "History of the Game." canonical checked 2026-09-18

    https://themahjongline.com/pages/history

    chart’s note Wright-Patterson origins among Air Force officers' spouses at Wright Field, Ohio.

    for this variant The chart's canonical source for the origin. An undated retailer's page with no sources; its Wright Field differs from the club's Patterson Field, 1941

    Also cited on: NMJL card · bibliography #15

  7. Guide Sloper, Tom. "FAQ 3: Books About Mah-Jongg." cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://sloperama.com/mjfaq/mjfaq03.html

    chart’s note Identifies Perlmen & Chan in full and lists the other Hong Kong Old Style books: Constantino, Li, Tsui, Lo.

    for this variant The FAQ that FAQ 2b points to for the book, giving its edition years. Same author as the chart's source, so not independent

    Also cited on: Sichuan 72-tile game, WMPA / WMF, Western / British Empire style, AMJA card · bibliography #34

  8. Journalism "Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Rule books ..." Notice. Army Navy Air Force Journal 94 (4), 22 September 1956, p. 22 (vol. 94, p. 118). Internet Archive. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://archive.org/details/sim_armed-forces-journal_1956-09-22_94_4

    AI summary A short notice that the Wright-Patterson Woman's Club was selling Wright-Patterson mah jongg rule books by mail at 50 cents. The earliest printed edition of the rules found so far.

    for this variant Independent and written at the time: the earliest printed Wright-Patterson rule book found, seven years before the 1963 copyright the club calls its first book

    Only cited here · bibliography #330

  9. Journalism "Wright-Patterson Club Has 1000 Members." Army Navy Air Force Journal 96 (6), 11 October 1958, p. 22 (vol. 96, p. 174). Internet Archive. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://archive.org/details/sim_armed-forces-journal_1958-10-11_96_6

    AI summary Club news on the Wright-Patterson AFB Woman's Club's 24th season, saying the base is internationally known for the western development of mah jongg and publishes the rule book used by Air Force clubs throughout the world.

    for this variant Independent and written at the time: confirms the node's detail, an Ohio base wives' club publishing the rules for Air Force clubs worldwide, by 1958

    Only cited here · bibliography #331

  10. Collection Library of Congress, Copyright Office. Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series, vol. 17 no. 1, Part 1: Books and Pamphlets, January-June 1963. Entry for Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group, "Mah jongg; Wright-Patterson rules", A608135. Internet Archive. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://archive.org/details/catalogofcopyrig31711lib

    AI summary The Copyright Office's record of the Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group's registration of 29 January 1963: a revised edition of 17 pages. Independent confirmation of the date the club gives for its first copyrighted book.

    for this variant Independent record of the club's 1963 copyright. Marked as a revision, which fits the rule books on sale in 1956

    Only cited here · bibliography #332

  11. Collection Library of Congress, Copyright Office. Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series, vol. 24 no. 2, Part 1: Books and Pamphlets, July-December 1970. Entry for Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group, "Mah jongg Wright-Patterson rules", A187653. Internet Archive. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://archive.org/details/catalogofco1970324112libr

    AI summary The Copyright Office's record of a further revision of the Wright-Patterson rules, registered 19 February 1970, 29 pages.

    for this variant Independent record of a later revision, which fits the club's account of a book revised every few years

    Only cited here · bibliography #333

  12. Organisation Clatsop County Historical Society. "Mah Jongg Anyone??" Clatsop County Historical Society Newsletter, Astoria, Oregon, March 1986. Internet Archive. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://archive.org/details/1986.3-2

    AI summary A local historical society's newsletter announcing ten lessons in Wright-Patterson Rules mah-jongg at the Flavel House from 7 March 1986, with instruction booklets.

    for this variant Shows Wright-Patterson Rules taught by name far from Ohio and outside a military club by 1986. Says nothing about the rules themselves

    Only cited here · bibliography #334

  13. Encyclopedia Wikipedia. "Mahjong." cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong

    AI summary The main article's regional-variations section, which describes most branches of this tree independently of the chart's own sources.

    for this variant Not a chart citation for this node, and agrees on the military connection, but gives no source for the sentence. Files Wright-Patterson with Western classical play, as Sloperama does

    Also cited on: Proto-mahjong, Chinese classical, Hong Kong old style, Taiwanese style, Nanyang variants, Singapore style and 10 more · bibliography #54

AI-generated

Analysis

Written by an AI model from the sources above. It is a reading of them, not a source in its own right: every figure in it points back to a numbered source, and where the two disagree, the source is right.

Assessment

Confidence
documented a published ruleset or rule description exists and is cited
Evidence
corroborated two or more independent sources agree on the facts that define this variant

Cross-comparison

What each source was read to say, set side by side. The numbers are the sources above.

SourceTilesHandFlowersScoringPayout
[1]144 (some add 2 jokers for 146, probably a table rule)13, out on 14melded instantly when receivedcount points for pongs/kongs/pairs, then doubleall players earn points
[1]144; some players add 2 jokers for 146, which Sloper takes to be a table rule13 tiles, out on 14Melded at once when receivedPoints for pongs, kongs and pairs, then doubledAll players earn points, not only the winner
[2]No jokers: the club says WP Mah Jongg still does not allow them and the book gives no instruction for their use——Any pung hand played concealed is a double—
[3]Rules standardised without jokers————
[4]144 tiles, no jokers—Used only for scoring, not for forming combinations——
[5]———Classic Chinese scoring—
  • [1] 70-80 special hands; has a Charleston. Books: Wright-Patterson AFB OSC
  • [6] Wright-Patterson origins among Air Force officers' spouses at Wright Field, Ohio; described as a distinct American approach played by military families
  • [1] Many special hands (70-80); a Charleston before play; books from the Wright-Patterson AFB OSC (see FAQ 3); Sloper calls Wright-Patterson distinctly an American variety and groups it with Western/British
  • [6] Of the many 1920s American versions two endured; the first was started by spouses of Air Force officers stationed at Wright Field, Ohio, and became known as the Wright-Patterson approach, played by American military families throughout the world
  • [7] Lists Mah Jongg; Wright-Patterson Rules by the Wright Patterson Mah Jongg Group, 1963-1996-2003, no ISBN, as the Western game played by officers' wives on American military bases, somewhat like Strauser & Evans and Thompson & Maloney but with more special hands; sold through the Wright-Patterson Officers' Spouses' Club
  • [2] The 2022 edition is the current book, sold by mail in six forms; the first book was copyrighted in 1963 under Helene Morris and Sylvia Bauer; a 1964 photo caption says Mrs. Joseph Morris organized the base Mah Jongg Club about 1945; hands carry base names such as First Flights and Wright-Patt Wind Tunnel
  • [3] Helene Morris met the game in California and introduced it at the base in July 1941, when her husband was assigned to the Air Service Command at Patterson Field; she and friends standardised rules without jokers or gambling, Sylvia Bauer helped standardise it for spouses moving between installations, and the book was copyrighted by 1963 and is rewritten every 5 to 7 years
  • [8] Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg rule books on sale from the Wright-Patterson Woman's Club at 50 cents plus postage, orders to the Mah Jongg Group, P.O. Box 2860, Wright-Patterson AFB
  • [9] The Wright-Patterson AFB Woman's Club, entering its 24th season with about 1,000 members, is said to be known internationally for the western development of mah jongg and to publish the rule book used by Air Force clubs throughout the world
  • [10] Registration A608135 of 29 January 1963: Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group, Mah jongg; Wright-Patterson rules, revised, 17 pages
  • [11] Registration A187653 of 19 February 1970: Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group, Mah jongg Wright-Patterson rules, revised, 29 pages
  • [12] The Clatsop County Historical Society in Astoria, Oregon, sponsored ten Friday-night lessons in Wright-Patterson Rules from 7 March 1986, with instruction booklets
  • [13] The variants list says Western classical mahjong descends from Babcock's 1920s version and today largely refers to the Wright-Patterson rules used in the U.S. military; the bibliography lists the club's book with the date 1963
  • [4] A Charleston of three passes (right, across, left) and an optional blind pass; concealed hands emphasised; 92 scoring patterns; the ruleset often stays the same for 6-10 years
  • [5] Says the game was created by the Officers' Wives Club at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in the early 1920s, mixes NMJL and Cantonese elements, is played mainly by military dependents, and has its hands republished about every six years in a green booklet with nine categories of hands

Reading it

Independent witnesses now confirm the node's label and detail. The Wright-Patterson spouses' club, which publishes the book, says Helene Morris brought the game to the base (Patterson Field) in July 1941 and that its first copyrighted book dates from 1963. The Catalog of Copyright Entries records revised editions registered by the Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group on 29 January 1963 (17 pages) and 19 February 1970 (29 pages). Earlier still, the Army Navy Air Force Journal reported Wright-Patterson rule books on sale from the base Woman's Club in 1956, and said in 1958 that the base published the rule book used by Air Force clubs worldwide. An Oregon historical society taught Wright-Patterson Rules in 1986, and Wikipedia ties Western classical mahjong largely to them. On play, Mahjong Time confirms 144 tiles, no jokers and a Charleston but gives 92 patterns where Sloperama says 70-80; the club confirms no jokers. The origin dates disagree: Mahj Life says the early 1920s, the club 1941, and The Mahjong Line names Wright Field rather than Patterson Field. Still wanted: the rulebook itself, for flowers, scoring and payout, Pritchard's descriptions, and the Dayton Daily News article.

Looked for, not found

  • Tournament rules None found: the Army Navy Air Force Journal of 15 May 1954 reports a four-week Mah Jongg Tournament at the WPAFB Woman's Club and the 2024 club newsletter mentions fundraising tournaments, but no event's own rules turned up; Mahjong Time's tournaments were still under construction
  • Law No statute or regulation names the Wright-Patterson rules; the only legal angle found is the club newsletter's statement that the rules left out gambling not allowed on military installations, and the regulation behind it was not searched
  • Historical Internet Archive full text (about 600 hits) turned up no period manual, diary or novel describing Wright-Patterson play; the contemporary witnesses found are the 1950s service-journal notices (journalism) and the Copyright Office entries (collection)
  • Forum Reddit and BoardGameGeek could not be searched or read by script, no forum thread came up in web search, and the Facebook groups for Wright-Patterson players are behind a login

Known, not yet read

Sources that look worth having but could not be read for this entry. If you can reach one, it can be read and added. Every variant’s list is gathered on Missing sources.

  • Official rules Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group / Wright-Patterson Spouses' Club. Mah Jongg: Wright-Patterson Rules (green Rules, Hands and Scoring Tables book), 2022 edition; earlier editions registered 1963, 1965 and 1970, and cited by Sloperama as 1963-1996-2003 — The only authoritative text of the rules: would settle the tile count, flowers, Charleston, the number of hands (Sloperama 70-80, Mahjong Time 92), scoring and payout, which now rest on Sloperama alone
    Where: Print only, no ISBN: mail order from Wright-Patterson OSC Mah Jongg, P.O. Box 1067, Fairborn, Ohio 45324 (checks or money orders only); older editions turn up on eBay. Tried: Open Library search (0 hits), Library of Congress books search (nothing), WorldCat (429 to the research environment), HathiTrust (Cloudflare challenge), Google Books API (429) and Internet Archive full text (no scan) on 2026-10-08
  • Journalism Dayton Daily News. "Mah Jongg makes central connection." Undated — A search snippet says it reports the officers' wives' club copyrighting the rules in 1963 and quotes a Middletown, Ohio, player saying her group uses two jokers while Wright-Patterson uses none; the only newspaper account of the rules found
    Where: https://www.daytondailynews.com/lifestyles/mah-jongg-makes-central-connection/gT6bfhmz4zWEnBP7QbdpgP. Tried: curl and WebFetch on 2026-10-08 both got the site's own 404, as did the lower-case form of the link; the Wayback CDX holds no capture
  • Rulebook Pritchard, D. Brine. Play and Win Mah-jong. London: Teach Yourself, 2013. ISBN 9781444197853 — Internet Archive full-text snippets show a section 'The Wright-Patterson Group' among the American styles and a further-reading entry for Wright-Patterson Rules (1963-1996-2003): an independent author's account of the rules
    Where: Internet Archive playwinmahjong0000prit (borrowable), libraries. Tried: The full-text file answered 401 (access-restricted lending item) on 2026-10-08
  • Rulebook Pritchard, D. Brine. Mahjong (Teach Yourself). Hodder Headline / Contemporary Books, 2001. ISBN 0658021478 — Its further reading lists Mah-Jongg: Wright-Patterson rules (1963-1996), Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group; its chapter on American play (NMJL, the Charleston, AMJA) may describe the game
    Where: Internet Archive mahjong00prit (borrowable), libraries. Tried: The full-text file answered 401 (access-restricted lending item) on 2026-10-08
  • Scholarship David, Lester, and Irene David. Ike and Mamie: The Story of the General and His Lady. 1981 — A full-text snippet says Mamie Eisenhower used 'the Army-wives system of mah-jongg, the Point 20 method which originated at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base': a different name for the system, and a sign of how widely it was played
    Where: Internet Archive ikemamie0000unse, bwb_0-89621-367-2 and ikemamiestoryofg0000lest (borrowable), libraries. Tried: Full-text files answered 403 and 401 (access-restricted lending items) on 2026-10-08
  • Scholarship Tillery, Carolyn Quick. At Freedom's Table: More Than 200 Years of Receipts and Remembrances from Military Wives. Cumberland House, 2002. ISBN 9781581823196 — A full-text snippet reads 'When Wright Patterson was still known as McCook Field, Mah jongg players there began com-' and breaks off; a McCook Field start would be in the 1920s, well before the club's 1941
    Where: Internet Archive atfreedomstablem0000caro and atfreedomstablem0000till (borrowable), libraries. Tried: The full-text file answered 401 (access-restricted lending item) on 2026-10-08
  • Organisation Jewish Museum Milwaukee. "Have Yourself a Merry Little Mah Jongg." Blog post — Search snippets say it dates the Army Air Corps wives' writing down of the rules to the 1930s and that the author's family plays from the Wright-Patterson book: another dating to set against 1941
    Where: https://jewishmuseummilwaukee.org/?p=241412. Tried: curl on 2026-10-08 got the site's own 403 Forbidden page

Where it was searched

Every place the search checklist names for this variant’s languages, and what each gave, including nothing. The last full pass was on 2026-10-08.

Names searched: English Wright-Patterson, Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg, Wright Patterson Mah Jongg, Wright-Patterson rules, Mah Jongg: Wright-Patterson Rules, WP Mah Jongg, WPMJ, Wright-Pat.

16 places searched
  • General web search — Standard searches on 2026-10-08 for "Wright-Patterson" mah jongg with rules book, Officers' Spouses' Club, Charleston, Skywrighter, Dayton Daily News, Helene Morris and sellers, plus site:wpafb.af.mil "mah jongg" (the site filter did not take and no wpafb.af.mil page came back), and one extended search on the rules. Read: the club's mah-jongg page and September 2024 newsletter, Mahjong Time's wpmahjongg.com and Mahj Life article 163. Could not read: the Dayton Daily News article (404), Jewish Museum Milwaukee's post (403), Class Central's listing of a YouTube Wright-Patterson lesson (403) and a Coeur d'Alene Press item of 8 July 2026 on a local Wright-Patterson group (Cloudflare block). Found, not read: Mahj Life article 191 (Siamese Mah Jongg for WP) and 257 (how to teach WPMJ), a Quizlet set of Wright-Patterson flashcards, the club's mah-jongg-contact page, an OLLI Delaware advanced course PDF, eBay listings of a travel set with Wright-Patterson books (ebay.de 357594275337, ebay.com 267488201876), and Wikipedia's Mahjong culture article. No Skywrighter article on the game surfaced
  • Wikidata — wbsearchentities for "Wright-Patterson mahjong" returned no item on 2026-10-08; a second search for "Wright-Patterson mah jongg" answered 429. The variant has no Wikidata item that could be found
  • Wikipedia, in every declared language — The English API search answered 429 three times on 2026-10-08. Read instead the raw wikitext (index.php action=raw) of Mahjong, whose variants list ties Western classical mahjong to the Wright-Patterson rules and whose bibliography lists the club's book dated 1963, and of American mahjong, which does not mention Wright-Patterson. Mahjong culture was named by a web search and not read. No other language edition was searched: the game is played and written about in English
  • The sources' own references, and who cites them — Backward: Sloperama FAQ 2b points to FAQ 3 (read: book title, editions 1963-1996-2003, club address); FAQ 3 and Wikipedia's Mahjong both point to the club's book (wanted); the club newsletter and Mahj Life cite nothing beyond the club's site and Mahj Life's own videos. Forward, through Internet Archive full text: Pritchard's Mahjong (2001) and Play and Win Mah-jong (2013) both cite the rules (wanted). Second-round leads, unread: Lester and Irene David, Ike and Mamie (1981) on Mamie Eisenhower's 'Point 20 method' from Wright-Patterson; Carolyn Quick Tillery, At Freedom's Table (2002) on players at McCook Field; Annelise Heinz, Mahjong: A Chinese Game and the Making of Modern American Culture (OUP 2021), not checked for Wright-Patterson; the airandspaceforces.com namesakes article that Mahj Life links
  • Internet Archive full-text search — Full-text searches on 2026-10-08 for "wright-patterson" "mah jongg", "wright patterson" "mah jongg", "Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Group", "Point 20 method" and "Wright-Patterson" "Charleston" mah jongg (the first call was reset, page_type collection_details answered 400, search_results worked; about 600 hits). Read: Army Navy Air Force Journal 22 September 1956 and 11 October 1958; its 15 May 1954 issue too (a four-week Mah Jongg Tournament at the WPAFB Woman's Club, with its instructors named; read, not recorded); the Catalog of Copyright Entries for January-June 1963 and July-December 1970, and for January-June 1965 (catalogofcopy19653191lib: another revision, 29 p., registered 2 April 1965; read, not recorded); the Clatsop County Historical Society newsletter of March 1986. Access-restricted (full text 401 or 403): Pritchard 2001 and 2013, Ike and Mamie, At Freedom's Table. Hits not read: Army Navy Air Force Journal 7 November 1953 (lessons for 64 beginners at the Woman's Club), 30 January 1954 and 18 November 1950, and the Shanghai Dynasty manual (Sloper)
  • Wayback Machine — CDX for daytondailynews.com/lifestyles/mah-jongg-makes-central-connection* returned no captures on 2026-10-08; CDX for wrightpattersonosc.org/mah-jongg* answered 503 (Internet Archive 'Temporarily Offline') the same day. The club's live pages were read instead
  • Google Books — The Books API answered 429 to "Wright-Patterson" "mah jongg" on 2026-10-08; nothing read
  • HathiTrust full-text search — Catalog search and full-text search for Wright-Patterson mah jongg both returned the Cloudflare 'Just a moment' challenge (403) on 2026-10-08. The Catalog of Copyright Entries volumes were read through the Internet Archive instead
  • WorldCat — search.worldcat.org answered 429 on 2026-10-08, and a web search limited to worldcat.org, catalog.hathitrust.org and books.google.com found no record of the Wright-Patterson rules. Open Library's search API returned 0 hits and the Library of Congress books search nothing relevant. The book has no ISBN (Sloperama FAQ 3) and may not be catalogued at all
  • Scholarly indexes — Crossref bibliographic search for Wright-Patterson mah jongg on 2026-10-08 returned nothing on the game. OpenAlex (needs a key) and Google Scholar not tried. Heinz's 2021 history of American mahjong is a lead under citations
  • YouTube — Not searched on YouTube. Leads: a YouTube Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg lesson playlist listed on Class Central (403 to curl) and the WPMJ Nitty-Gritty Deep Dive videos Mahj Life links
  • English-language forums — Not searched: Reddit refuses automated readers and cannot be searched through the search tool, BoardGameGeek is behind Cloudflare, and no forum thread on Wright-Patterson came up in web search. The Facebook groups named by the club and Mahj Life (WPOSC Mah Jongg, Mah Jongg Military Network Wright-Patterson Rules, Wright-Patterson Mah Jongg Online) are behind a login
  • Mahjong reference sites — Mahjong Wiki: the front page's family tree lists 'Wright-Pat' under Western Mah Jong, the site search for 'wright' returned no page, and the American Overview does not mention it. Sloperama, not independent of the chart: re-read FAQ 2b, read FAQ 3, column 392 (28 December 2008, which names Wright-Patterson hands such as Independence) and the Shanghai Dynasty manual's book list (bookofma.htm, with the 1963-1996 book and an older OWC address)
  • App and platform listings — Not searched in app stores: no app came up in web searches. The general web search found Mahjong Time's browser platform for Wright-Patterson play (wpmahjongg.com, read)
  • English-language newspaper archives — Chronicling America through the loc.gov JSON search for "mah jongg" wright-patterson returned only 1920s pages, from before the base had that name (2026-10-08). The Dayton Daily News article answered 404, and the Coeur d'Alene Press item (8 July 2026) a Cloudflare block. Trove, Papers Past, NewspaperSG and the BNA not searched: a game of US military clubs. The 1950s service-journal notices came through Internet Archive full text (see ia-texts)
  • Statutes published in English — Not searched: the databases listed cover Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and the Philippines, where Wright-Patterson rules are not played. The club newsletter says the 1941 rules left out gambling not allowed on military installations; the base regulation behind that was not looked for

In the tree

Descends from Western / British Empire style, as the source chart draws it.

← back to the tree