Singapore style

Cross-comparison

corroborated — two or more independent sources agree on the facts that define this variant

• [1] relatively few special hands; book: AMAZING MAHJONG by Celia Ching
• [2] groups Singaporean and Malaysian mahjong together as sharing much with Hong Kong mahjong, and describes payouts midway through a hand when conditions such as a kong are met

Reading it

Two independent sources agree on the animal tiles that define the variant, and Wikipedia names all four: cat, mouse, cockerel and centipede. Sloperama's 148 total and requirement of all twelve flowers is consistent with that. Wikipedia's mid-hand payout rule is a structural feature neither the chart nor Sloperama records.

Sources

1. Sloper, Tom. "FAQ 2b: Identifying a Mah-Jongg Variant." Sloperama. canonical checked 2026-09-18

   Tile counts, hand sizes, flower handling and scoring for roughly 50 named variants. Primary source for most leaf nodes in this chart.

   https://www.sloperama.com/mjfaq/mjfaq02b.html

   Also cited on: Chinese archaic, Chinese pre-classical, Chinese classical, Shanghai / Hong Kong new style, Hong Kong old style, Modern HKOS and 43 more · bibliography #1

2. Wikipedia. "Mahjong." cross-check checked 2026-09-18

   The main article's regional-variations section, which describes most branches of this tree independently of the chart's own sources.

   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahjong

   Also cited on: Chinese classical, Hong Kong old style, Taiwanese style, Filipino style, Vietnamese classical, Vietnamese modern and 6 more · bibliography #54