Mahjong CompendiumAMJA card

Proto-mahjong › Chinese classical › Babcock rules › Regional US house rules › NMJL card › American mah jongg › AMJA card

AMJA card

Sources

Sources

The documents this entry rests on, as published. Each can be opened and checked; nothing in this part is anybody’s reading of them.

  1. Encyclopedia Wikipedia. "American Mahjong." canonical checked 2026-09-18

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_mahjong

    chart’s note Racks, jokers, the Charleston, and the NMJL / AMJA annual card.

    for this variant The chart's canonical source. It names the AMJA as the second publisher of the annual card and links amja.net, citing Sandberg (2010). It says nothing about how the AMJA card differs, when the AMJA was founded, or whether it is still active

    Also cited on: Babcock rules, Regional US house rules, NMJL card, American mah jongg · bibliography #13

  2. Guide Sloper, Tom. "Sloper on Mah-Jongg, No. 556: American (2013 AMJA card)." Sloperama, 17 February 2013. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.sloperama.com/mahjongg/column2/column556a.html

    AI summary Tom Sloper's review of the American Mah-Jongg Association's 2013 card, the first he did not edit. Covers its punning family names and word-spelling hands, jokers mandated as singles or pairs, the rule that a discarded joker may be called only as the first discard, and hand values set higher than the NMJL card's.

    for this variant The fullest account read of how the AMJA card and its rules differ from the NMJL's, written by the card's former editor. Dated February 2013, it describes the latest AMJA card found in any source read here

    Only cited here · bibliography #411

  3. Guide Sloper, Tom. "Not Always Weekly Mah Jongg, Column #440: American." Sloperama, 14 February 2010. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.sloperama.com/mahjongg/column440a.html

    AI summary On the 2010 Marvelous Mah Jongg card and what it borrows from the AMJA card: named families of hands, words spelled in tiles, and people's names, as on the 2009 AMJA card.

    for this variant Same author as the other Sloper pages. It dates the AMJA card's naming and word-spelling conventions to 2009 at the latest and shows a later rival card copying them

    Only cited here · bibliography #412

  4. Guide Sloper, Tom. "Weekly Mah-Jongg, Column #146: American mah-jongg (2004 AMJA card)." Sloperama, 25 January 2004. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.sloperama.com/mahjongg/column146.html

    AI summary A strategy column on a hand played with the 2004 AMJA card, received in January ahead of the NMJL's April card. Notes the card's humorous hands and family names.

    for this variant Apart from the 2000 card bundled with Shanghai: Second Dynasty, this is the earliest dated AMJA card described in a source read here. Same author as the other Sloper pages

    Only cited here · bibliography #413

  5. Guide Sloper, Tom. "Weekly Mahjong, Column #378: Several upcoming tournaments." Sloperama, 24 August 2008. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.sloperama.com/mahjongg/column378.html

    AI summary A listing of tournaments for late 2008 and 2009. Covers the NMJL's Tournament at Sea, the American Mah-Jongg Association's Mahj At The Taj events in Atlantic City and its Hawaii cruise, the World Series of Mahjong and the Open Italian Championship.

    for this variant Shows that in 2008-09 the AMJA ran its own tournaments, separate from the NMJL's Tournament at Sea. It gives no tournament rules

    Only cited here · bibliography #414

  6. Forum Sloper, Tom, and correspondents. "The Mah-Jongg Q&A Bulletin Board," archive page 13, including posts of February 2010. Sloperama. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.sloperama.com/majexchange/bulletinbd-archive13.htm

    AI summary An archived page of Sloper's question-and-answer board. In one exchange of 24 February 2010 he identifies wording about matching dragons, and the white dragon used as zero, as coming from the 2010 AMJA card.

    for this variant A forum exchange showing that the 2010 AMJA card printed explanatory wording of its own. Same author as the other Sloper pages

    Only cited here · bibliography #415

  7. Commercial Activision. Shanghai: Second Dynasty, game manual. Activision, 1999. In the Internet Archive's Macintosh Garden Manuals 2021 S-T collection. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://archive.org/download/Macintosh_Garden_Manuals_2021_S-T/shanghai2nddynastymanual_djvu.txt

    AI summary Manual of Activision's tile-game collection, produced by Tom Sloper. Its American Mah-Jongg mode shipped with the American Mah-Jongg Association's year 2000 card. Covers the game's American rules, card editor and scoring, alongside the Chinese, Japanese and other styles it offers.

    for this variant The year 2000 card licensed for this 1999 game is the earliest AMJA card attested in a source read here. Sloper produced the game, so the manual is not independent of the Sloperama pages. It does not say whether the game's joker rules follow the AMJA's

    Only cited here · bibliography #419

  8. Guide Sloper, Tom. "Mah-Jongg Cards." Sloperama. cross-check checked 2026-09-18

    https://www.sloperama.com/mjfaq/cards.html

    AI summary Describes how the annual American card works as an artefact and how the NMJL and AMJA cards differ in form. Used here only for structure, never for hand content.

    for this variant Shows the AMJA card only in a photograph beside the Marvelous and NMJL cards and leaves it out of the list of cards to order. Same author as the Sloper columns, which carry the substance

    Also cited on: NMJL card, Siamese Mah Jongg, Mhing · bibliography #52

  9. Guide Sloper, Tom. "FAQ 3: Books About Mah-Jongg." cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://sloperama.com/mjfaq/mjfaq03.html

    chart’s note Identifies Perlmen & Chan in full and lists the other Hong Kong Old Style books: Constantino, Li, Tsui, Lo.

    for this variant By Sloper again. It implies the AMJA card is played under the NMJL rulebook, which sits awkwardly with the AMJA joker rules in his 2013 column. It names no AMJA rulebook

    Also cited on: Sichuan 72-tile game, WMPA / WMF, Western / British Empire style, Wright-Patterson · bibliography #34

  10. Journalism Neubauer, Bonnie. "Mah-jongg keeps on clicking." The Philadelphia Inquirer, 26 August 2008. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.inquirer.com/philly/entertainment/20080826_Mah-jongg_keeps_on_clicking.html

    AI summary A report from the Four Seasons Mah Jongg Tournament in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on the game's revival. Quotes Lois Madow as president of the American Mah-Jongg Association, which sells tiles and accessories, and Ruth Unger as NMJL president.

    for this variant Independent of the chart and of Sloper. It confirms the AMJA as a going concern with Lois Madow as president in 2008, but presents it as a seller of sets, not as a card issuer

    Only cited here · bibliography #416

  11. Journalism House & Garden. "Domestic bliss" feature on card and mah-jongg tables. House & Garden, July 2002. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://archive.org/details/usmodernist-HG-2002-07

    AI summary A shopping feature on card and mah-jongg tables with a short history sidebar. It says the NMJL (1937) publishes a card each April and that a rival American Mah Jongg Association, formed in 1999, plays its own updated rules. Read in the Internet Archive's OCR of the issue.

    for this variant Independent of the chart and of Sloper. It is the earliest dated source read for the AMJA's founding year, 1999, and calls the AMJA a rival to the NMJL. The OCR interleaves columns, so the quotes are short

    Only cited here · bibliography #417

  12. Collection Way Public Library. "American Mahjong." Beyond Books lending collection. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.beyondbooks.waylibrary.info/index.php/beyond-books-items/board-table-top-games/201-american-mahjong

    AI summary A public library's catalogue page for a lendable American mahjong set, with a short history drawn from Elaine Sandberg's beginner's guide. Covers the NMJL's standardisation in 1937 and the American Mah Jongg Association's own scoring card from 1999.

    for this variant Independent of the chart. It repeats 1999 for the AMJA's own card, apparently from Sandberg's book, which could not be read. Its sentence is ambiguous between the AMJA's founding and its first card

    Only cited here · bibliography #418

  13. Organisation American Mah Jongg Association (americanmahjonggassociation.com). "About the American Mah Jongg Association." 2026. cross-check checked 2026-10-09

    https://www.americanmahjonggassociation.com/about

    AI summary About page of a membership body founded by Alix Bryant of Salt Lake City, which grew out of her newsletter The Mah Jongg Insider. It states that it issues no card and governs no rules. It is unrelated to the American Mah-Jongg Association of amja.net, which issued the AMJA card.

    for this variant Not the AMJA of the AMJA card. It is recorded because this body now holds the name, so a 2026 search for the American Mah Jongg Association finds it. It shows nothing about the card-issuing AMJA of amja.net

    Only cited here · bibliography #420

AI-generated

Analysis

Written by an AI model from the sources above. It is a reading of them, not a source in its own right: every figure in it points back to a numbered source, and where the two disagree, the source is right.

Assessment

Confidence
documented a published ruleset or rule description exists and is cited
Evidence
corroborated two or more independent sources agree on the facts that define this variant

Cross-comparison

What each source was read to say, set side by side. The numbers are the sources above.

SourceTilesHandFlowersScoringPayout
[1]———hands are scored by the points the card assigns to each, on either the NMJL card or the AMJA card—
[2]—families have punning names instead of 2468 or 13579 (Don't Get Mad - Get Even, Isn't That Odd, Happy New Year, Blowing In The Wind, Word Game, Gotta Run Now, Threes Not A Crowd, Quints (Gimme Five), Go No Jo); Word Game hands spell words, with 1 standing for I and the white dragon for O—values are deliberately higher than the NMJL card's: 35 for the cheapest hand on the 2013 card and 1.00, a whole dollar, for the dearest—
[3]—the 2009 AMJA card used people's names in its family names (Lauren's Fine in 2009, Michael's Good NEWS, Even 2468 Steven); a FRIENDS hand spells the word in tiles———
[4]—the 2004 card has evens, runs and Mish Mosh sections; Mish Mosh #3 calls for pairs of jokers and soaps———
[5]————$3,000 in total cash prizes at each Mahj At The Taj event
[6]dragons are matched to suits (craks with red, bams with green, dots with white) and the white dragon stands for zero————
[7]———the commonest hands are worth 25 cents (25 points); the dearest hand on the 2000 AMJA card is worth a dollar (100 points)a self-drawn win collects double from every player; a win on a discard collects double from the discarder and single from the others
  • [1] the scorecard is published annually by both the National Mah Jongg League and the American Mah-Jongg Association; the AMJA card is the second of the two
  • [8] describes the annual card as an artefact and how the NMJL and AMJA cards differ in form
  • [1] the AMJA is named alongside the NMJL as one of the two bodies publishing an annual card, and the two are described as having minor scoring differences
  • [1] Re-read 2026-10-09 from the API wikitext. The lead names both the National Mah Jongg League and the American Mah-Jongg Association as publishers of the annual scorecard, citing Elaine Sandberg's Mah Jongg for Fun (2010), p. 4, and the links list www.amja.net. The article says nothing else about the AMJA: no founding date and no difference between the two cards. Its scoring section describes only the NMJL's rulebook
  • [8] Re-read 2026-10-09; the page was last cleaned 16 January 2023. The AMJA card appears only in a photo caption of three cards. The ordering section gives sources for the NMJL card and seven alternates (Marvelous, The Mahjong Line, Oh My Mahjong, Siamese, Four Friends, The Mahjong Press, I Love Mahj), says the alternates are played with NMJL rules, and has no AMJA entry
  • [2] The 2013 card arrived by mid-February, before the NMJL card's 1 April release. Jokers may be used as singles or pairs, but only where the card calls for them. A discarded joker may be called only if it is the first discard of the game. Sloper edited the AMJA card in earlier years and gave up the editorship before the 2013 card. Lois Madow is AMJA president
  • [3] The 2010 Marvelous card is an alternate card, as is the AMJA's annual card, and it borrows the AMJA card's named families and spelled words. The footer sends readers to AMJA.net for the yearly AMJA card
  • [4] A strategy column played on the 2004 AMJA card, which had been received by 25 January 2004, while the 2004 NMJL card was not due until 1 April. The column links www.amja.net
  • [5] Lists the AMJA's Mahj At The Taj tournaments at the Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, on 15-17 December 2008 and 15-17 June 2009, and an AMJA tournament on a 15-day Holland America cruise to Hawaii, 6-21 January 2009, with details at amja.net/tournaments.htm. Lois Madow is AMJA president
  • [9] Sloper's book list says that groups playing the NMJL card, or the Marvelous, Siamese or AMJA card, use the NMJL's Mah Jongg Made Easy (1984) as their rulebook
  • [6] On 24 February 2010 a beginner asked about the wording 'Craks go with red dragons, bams go with green dragons, and dots go with white dragons' and 'White dragon is always used for zero'. Sloper identifies this as wording from the 2010 AMJA card, not found on the NMJL or Marvelous card
  • [10] A report of the Four Seasons Mah Jongg Tournament in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, held the month before. Lois Madow, 73, is president of the American Mah-Jongg Association, which sells tiles and accessories and engraves personalised sets. The article credits the NMJL (1937) with the annual card and does not mention an AMJA card
  • [11] A feature on game tables. It says the NMJL, formed in 1937, publishes a card of that year's winning hands each April, and that in 1999 a rival organisation, the American Mah Jongg Association, was formed and plays its own 'updated' set of rules
  • [12] A public library's lending page for an American mahjong set, paraphrasing Elaine Sandberg's A Beginner's Guide to American Mah Jongg. It says that from 1999 the American Mah Jongg Association published its own scoring card each year and sponsors cruises and special events, and that hands come from a card released by one of the two leagues
  • [7] The manual of Activision's Shanghai: Second Dynasty (copyright 1999), produced by Tom Sloper. The AMJA's year 2000 card comes with the game as a printed card and an identical software card file, and the AMJA will create new printed cards in future. The glossary credits both the AMJA and the NMJL with publishing cards. The game's own American rules allow jokers only in pungs, kongs and quints, never as singles or pairs, and make a discarded joker dead
  • [13] A different body of the same name. The American Mah Jongg Association at americanmahjonggassociation.com was founded by Alix Bryant of Salt Lake City and grew out of her newsletter The Mah Jongg Insider. It says it issues no card, governs no rules, and treats the NMJL as the publisher of the annual card

Reading it

The AMJA card is well attested as a real alternative to the NMJL card, but only up to 2013. House & Garden (July 2002) dates the American Mah-Jongg Association to 1999, a rival with its own updated rules; a library page and unread snippets of Pritchard (2013) and SAGE's Encyclopedia of Play (2009) agree. The earliest card seen is the AMJA's year 2000 card, bundled with Activision's Shanghai: Second Dynasty (1999). Tom Sloper produced that game and edited the AMJA card until 2012. No source read names the founders; Lois Madow was president in 2008-2013. Sloper's columns give the differences: the card arrived in January or February, not April; its families have punning names and some hands spell words; jokers are mandated as singles or pairs; a discarded joker can be called only as the first discard; and values run higher, from 35 to a dollar in 2013. Yet his FAQ points AMJA players to the NMJL rulebook. Wikipedia only names the two cards and does not describe minor scoring differences, as earlier recorded. Whether the AMJA survives is unclear: no card after 2013 was found, amja.net's certificate lapsed in December 2025, and an unrelated body that issues no card now uses the name. Wanted: amja.net's archived pages and the Pritchard, Sandberg and Sloper books.

Looked for, not found

  • Tournament rules Sloper's column 378 lists the AMJA's Mahj At The Taj tournaments in Atlantic City (2008-09) and a Hawaii cruise tournament, but no rules for them were found. amja.net/tournaments.htm, which held the details, survives only on the Wayback Machine, which was unreachable on 2026-10-09. The American tournament rules that Wikipedia cites (Mah Jongg Madness, 2005) were not read for this node
  • Law No law names the AMJA card. It is a private association's card for a home and tournament game in the United States, no gaming statute or regulation covers it, and the English-language statute databases in the registry cover Asian jurisdictions where it is not played
  • Historical The AMJA dates from 1999, so writing from its own time is classed here as journalism (House & Garden 2002, Inquirer 2008), guide (Sloper's columns) or commercial (the 1999 Shanghai: Second Dynasty manual). The 1923 'American Mah-Jongg Association' that IA full-text search finds in Babcock advertisements is a namesake, not this body
  • Scholarship Crossref (2026-10-09) returned nothing on the AMJA. OpenAlex wants a key and was not queried. The only academic-press mention found is SAGE's Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society (2009), listed as wanted under encyclopedia

Known, not yet read

Sources that look worth having but could not be read for this entry. If you can reach one, it can be read and added. Every variant’s list is gathered on Missing sources.

  • Organisation American Mah-Jongg Association, official website, www.amja.net, including amja.net/tournaments.htm — The AMJA's own account of its founding, officers, card, rules and events. It is also the only way to learn whether it still issued a card after 2013 and when it stopped
    Where: Wayback Machine captures of amja.net dated 24 January 2003, 21 January 2009 and 28 November 2025 (per the archive.org availability API); the live site at https://www.amja.net/. Tried: On 2026-10-09 the live site presented a TLS certificate valid 7 November to 9 December 2025. That expiry is the site's side, and the site was not fetched unverified. Every connection to web.archive.org, both CDX and captures, was reset in the agent proxy relay over about 20 attempts. That failure is on our side, so a reader on another network may get through. WebFetch refuses web.archive.org, and archive.today and the Common Crawl index were also reset on our side
  • Official rules An AMJA annual card, any year (for example 2000, 2004, 2010 or 2013) — The card is the AMJA's rules text: its hands, values and printed rule notes, such as the dragon-matching wording of 2010 and the mandated jokers of 2013
    Where: The AMJA while it sold cards; collectors; Tom Sloper, who photographs one in FAQ 7i. The 2000 card's hands also exist as the software card file 2000.crd in Shanghai: Second Dynasty. Tried: Internet Archive full-text search for both spellings (2026-10-09) found no digitised card. Web searches found none
  • Rulebook Pritchard, D. Brine. Mahjong (Teach Yourself). Hodder Headline / Contemporary Books, 2001; and Play and Win Mah-jong. Teach Yourself, 2013 — Has a section 'The American Mah-Jongg Association' (contents p. 108). Snippets give the AMJA as formed in 1999 (2013 edition), its address as 1330 Reisterstown Road (2001) and 8605 Snowreath Road, Baltimore MD 21208 (2013), and list the AMJA annual card
    Where: Internet Archive lending items mahjong00prit and playwinmahjong0000prit; libraries. Tried: The djvu text answered HTTP 401 on 2026-10-09. These are borrow-only items, a decision by the site that needs a logged-in loan. Only full-text search snippets were seen
  • Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2009. Entry on mahjong — A snippet says there has been a resurgence with the American Mah-Jongg Association, formed in 1999, and its bibliography cites www.amja.net (cited June 2008)
    Where: Internet Archive lending item encyclopediaofpl0000unse; libraries. Tried: The djvu text answered HTTP 401 on 2026-10-09 (borrow-only, the site's decision)
  • Rulebook Sandberg, Elaine. A Beginner's Guide to American Mah Jongg. Tuttle, 2007; and Mah Jongg for Fun. Yellow Mountain Imports, 2010 — Wikipedia cites Mah Jongg for Fun, p. 4, for the AMJA card. Snippets of the 2007 guide give the AMJA's address (8605 Snowreath Road) and say other bodies publish their own cards, such as the AMJA. The Way Public Library's 1999 date appears to come from it
    Where: Internet Archive lending item beginnersguideto0000sand; libraries. Tried: The djvu text answered HTTP 401 on 2026-10-09 (borrow-only, the site's decision). Mah Jongg for Fun was not looked for further
  • Rulebook Sloper, Tom. The Red Dragon & The West Wind. HarperCollins (William Morrow), 2007 — Written by the AMJA card's editor of those years and described by him as the most comprehensive book on the American game, so it is likely to describe the AMJA and its card
    Where: Libraries; booksellers. Tried: An Internet Archive advanced search by title and author (2026-10-09) found no copy
  • Commercial Winning Moves. 'Winning Moves Introduces Mah Jongg Card Game.' Press release, GlobeNewswire, 31 January 2012 — Quotes Lois Madow as president of the American Mah Jongg Association, apparently endorsing the game, and dates the AMJA's activity to 2012
    Where: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2012/01/31/466698/16029/en/Winning-Moves-Introduces-Mah-Jongg-Card-Game.html. Tried: On 2026-10-09 the HTTP/2 request ended with a stream INTERNAL_ERROR and the HTTP/1.1 retry got an empty reply. It is unclear whether this was the site refusing an automated reader or a failure on our side

Where it was searched

Every place the search checklist names for this variant’s languages, and what each gave, including nothing. The last full pass was on 2026-10-09.

Names searched: English AMJA card, American Mah-Jongg Association card, American Mah Jongg Association card, AMJA.

16 places searched
  • General web search — Searched 2026-10-09 with ten standard queries and one extended query, all in English. Queries covered the AMJA's founding, the AMJA card against the NMJL card, Lois Madow, amja.net cards for 2024-2026, AMJA tournaments and cruises, and whether the card was discontinued. Found and read: Sloper columns 146, 378, 440, 441 and 556; the Inquirer (2008); the Way Public Library page; and americanmahjonggassociation.com, a different body. The GlobeNewswire release of 31 January 2012 (Winning Moves, quoting Madow as AMJA president) could not be fetched; see wanted. Found but unread: Giant Bomb's Shanghai: Second Dynasty page (lead: calls it the first game endorsed by the AMJA, which supplied its tournament rules), Lerner David's 2026 copyright article and The Mahjong Press's 2026 cards, both about NMJL or other cards. No AMJA card after 2013 turned up
  • Wikidata — wbsearchentities (2026-10-09) for 'American Mah-Jongg Association' and 'American Mah Jongg Association' found no item. The parent variant American mahjong is Q4745497. The card is written about only in English
  • Wikipedia, in every declared language — Read the English article 'American mahjong' from the API wikitext fetched by curl on 2026-10-09 in this workflow. This pass's own API calls, including a search for other articles naming the AMJA, got HTTP 429. The article's one AMJA sentence cites Sandberg, Mah Jongg for Fun (2010), p. 4, and its links list www.amja.net. No article on the AMJA itself was found
  • The sources' own references, and who cites them — One backward round. Wikipedia leads to Sandberg 2010 (wanted). The Way Public Library page leads to Sandberg's beginner's guide (wanted). Sloper columns 146, 378, 440 and 441 lead to amja.net and amja.net/tournaments.htm (wanted; Wayback unreachable). IA snippets of the Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society (2009) show it cites www.amja.net (cited June 2008). Second-round leads, unread: Giant Bomb's Shanghai: Second Dynasty page; Sloper's online help for that game at sloperama.com/shanghai/Images/mjamer-5.htm; the Boston Globe of 24 August 2008, 'Mah jongg madness', linked in column 378; Sloper column 400a; the 2012 Winning Moves press release. Forward citation was not attempted, since no index covers these sources
  • Internet Archive full-text search — Full-text search for both spellings (2026-10-09) gave 14 hits. Read: House & Garden, July 2002; the Shanghai: Second Dynasty manual; The Wanderer (Mattapoisett, Mass.) of 5 January 2012, which says the card is issued each April by the AMJA at $7, evidently confusing it with the NMJL card; and the South Haven Tribune of 10 May 2026, a Denver story saying the American style is regulated and revised annually by the NMJL and the AMJA, Wikipedia's pairing. Lending-only items whose text answered HTTP 401: Pritchard 2001 and 2013, Sandberg 2007 and the Encyclopedia of Play 2009 (wanted). Also found: 1923 advertisements for Babcock's rules 'adopted by the American Mah-Jongg Association' (Saturday Evening Post of 24 November 1923, American Magazine, Peterborough Examiner), which name an unrelated 1920s namesake; and Sfetcu's A Gambling Guide, which is derived from Wikipedia. Both unread
  • Wayback Machine — The archive.org availability API (2026-10-09) lists amja.net captures of 24 January 2003, 21 January 2009 and 28 November 2025, with none near 2014 or 2020. The CDX API and every capture request to web.archive.org were reset in the agent proxy relay: about 20 attempts over 40 minutes, a failure on our side. WebFetch refuses web.archive.org. archive.today and the Common Crawl index were also reset. The live amja.net presents a TLS certificate valid only from 7 November to 9 December 2025; it has expired, and the site was not fetched unverified
  • Google Books — The Books API answered 429 (daily quota) on 2026-10-09. Not searched by hand
  • HathiTrust full-text search — Not searched: full-text search is behind a Cloudflare challenge, and writing on a body formed in 1999 is in copyright and search-only there
  • WorldCat — Not searched: the books that discuss the AMJA (Pritchard, Sandberg, Sloper) were already identified from Internet Archive records and are listed as wanted
  • Scholarly indexes — A Crossref bibliographic query for 'American Mah-Jongg Association' (2026-10-09) returned nothing relevant. OpenAlex (needs a key) and Google Scholar were not queried
  • YouTube — Not searched: lean pass. The web searches turned up no AMJA video or channel; current card-reveal videos concern the NMJL card
  • English-language forums — Reddit and BoardGameGeek were not searched, since they refuse automated readers (403 and Cloudflare in earlier passes). Read Sloper's Mah-Jongg Q&A Bulletin Board, archive 13, for its February 2010 exchange on the AMJA card
  • Mahjong reference sites — Sloperama read: FAQ 7i (cards), FAQ 3, columns 146, 378, 440, 441 and 556, and bulletin board archive 13. Columns 311a, 478a and 509a were fetched but do not mention the AMJA. Column 441 (22 February 2010) adds that the AMJA card has some hands that require a joker, and it sends readers to AMJA.net. Mahjong Wiki: its site search for AMJA (2026-10-09) shows no results without JavaScript, and nothing on the AMJA was found
  • App and platform listings — Not searched: the AMJA card has no app. The only software found carrying it is Activision's Shanghai: Second Dynasty (1999), read through its manual
  • English-language newspaper archives — The Philadelphia Inquirer of 26 August 2008 was read, found through web search. The Wanderer of 2012 and the South Haven Tribune of 2026 were read through Internet Archive OCR (see ia-texts). Chronicling America (to 1963), Trove, Papers Past, NewspaperSG and the British Newspaper Archive were not searched: the AMJA dates from 1999 and is American
  • Statutes published in English — Not searched: this is a private association's card for an American home and tournament game, and the registry's statute databases (Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Philippines) cover places where it is not played

In the tree

Descends from American mah jongg, as the source chart draws it.

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