Mahjong CompendiumModern rules

Proto-mahjong › Chinese classical › Japanese classical / arushiiaru › Houchi rules › Tokyo rules › Modern rules

Modern rules

1967, ura dora, oka, bazoro

Sources

Sources

The documents this entry rests on, as published. Each can be opened and checked; nothing in this part is anybody’s reading of them.

  1. Guide Yuria (Hassouhatsu Club). "A Brief History of Japanese Mahjong." Krakow Chombo Club, 2 Aug 2026. canonical checked 2026-09-18

    https://chombo.club/en/blog/2026/08/02/a-brief-history-of-japanese-mahjong/

    chart’s note Arushiiaru rules and scoring; Amano Daizou; the Houchi Shinbun serial of 11 Nov - 5 Dec 1952; the 1957 Tokyo rules and 1967 modern rules; bazoro; the Federation's 2016 acceptance of riichi.

    for this variant The chart's canonical source, read in September 2026 and re-read in October. It names no source, and Asami Ryō's recollections and Japanese Wikipedia's ドラ article contradict its 'for the first time' for ura-dora and oka

    Also cited on: Japanese classical / arushiiaru, Houchi rules, Tokyo rules, Modern riichi / yonma, WMPA / WMF · bibliography #10

  2. Encyclopedia Wikipedia (Japanese). 「日本牌棋院」 (Nihon Haikiin). cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%89%8C%E6%A3%8B%E9%99%A2

    AI summary The Japanese article on Amano Daizō's body, which also covers Amano (天野大三 redirects here): the 1952 Houchi rules, the police report and his break with the Japan Mahjong Federation, and his later rulesets of 1957, 1958, 1967, 1971 and 1978. Read at revision 105555739.

    for this variant Independent of the chart, and the only source read that gives the terms of the 1967 rules. The article names Amano's 新「現代ルール」 book and the 1983 biography 『立直一代』 as sources for his life; the 1967 footnotes cite nothing. Its 1971 date for the new modern rules is awkward beside Amano's 1971 book, which is still titled 「現代ルール」

    Also cited on: Houchi rules, Tokyo rules · bibliography #286

  3. Encyclopedia Wikipedia (Japanese). 「ドラ (麻雀)」 (Dora). cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9_(%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80)

    AI summary The Japanese article on dora: their origin in Kansai bū mahjong after the war, their codification in the 1952 Hochi rules, and red tiles, with both accounts of where those began, the regional variations, and a 1974 tactics book on red tiles west of Kansai. Its history rests on Asami Ryō's site and on Ōkuma Hideo's 1974 book.

    for this variant Puts ura-dora in Kansai play before 1967. It cites Ishimoto Yōichi's 『麻雀　今昔』 for Kansai and, for Kantō, Amano and Aoyama's book, given as 『新現代ルールによる図解麻雀入門』 (1971), p. 52. The National Diet Library's 1971 title is 『「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門』

    Also cited on: Houchi rules, Modern riichi / yonma · bibliography #231

  4. Encyclopedia Wikipedia (Japanese). 「麻雀の得点計算」 (Mahjong scoring). cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%97%E7%82%B9%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97

    AI summary The Japanese article on scoring: fu, han, bazoro, the basic-points formula, limit hands and local scoring rules. Its account of bazoro growing from a dice-driven zoroba into a constant two han has no source; for scoring details it cites Kurihara Yasuyuki (1971, 1986) and Amano and Aoyama's 新現代ルール book (1979).

    for this variant Agrees with the Chombo Club on zoroba and what replaced it, but dates neither, and the paragraph cites no source

    Only cited here · bibliography #300

  5. Encyclopedia Wikipedia (Japanese). 「麻雀の点」 (Points in mahjong). cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80%E3%81%AE%E7%82%B9

    AI summary The Japanese article on points: point sticks, starting and return points, oka, uma and yakitori. It says, without a source, that oka came in after the war and probably came from hanafuda.

    for this variant Dates oka only to 'after the war', in a sentence with no source; it neither confirms nor rules out 1967

    Only cited here · bibliography #301

  6. Organisation Ishimoto Yōichi 石本洋一. 『麻雀　今昔』 (Mahjong then and now). Japan Mahjong Federation 日本麻雀連盟, blog 麻雀のお話, posted 19 January 2018. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://press.bindcloud.jp/posts?b=yS1_nI9gMK_9&a=IYJsWo4w2j1f

    AI summary A history of Japanese mahjong written in autumn 2008 by the Federation's former chairman. It covers the 1929 founding and the arushiiaru rules, the spread of the Hōchi riichi rules from about 1958 with Kansai's two han on the field and ura-dora, the Shūkan Taishū Meijinsen and the international rules. The page builds its text with a script, and the site's blog API serves that text.

    for this variant A first-hand memory that puts fixed two-han bazoro and ura-dora in Kansai play some time after about 1958, with no closer date. Japanese Wikipedia cites it for Kansai ura-dora in the Shōwa 30s, a decade the text implies but does not state. It dates the first Meijinsen to 1965, where Japanese Wikipedia has 1970

    Only cited here · bibliography #302

  7. Guide Asami Ryō 浅見了. 「裏ドラ」 (Dora 04: ura-dora). 麻雀祭都. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://mjradio.web.fc2.com/majansite-mirror/dora04.html

    AI summary Questions and answers on ura-dora: its origin is unclear, it began as a 1,000-point bonus, the tile shown counted before the next tile did, and kan ura-dora came later. Asami remembers his group taking it up from about 1965. Read through the Mahjong Radio mirror of the dormant original.

    for this variant A player's memory with no date closer than 'from Shōwa 40'. It agrees with Japanese Wikipedia's footnote that the 1967 rules counted the tile shown, and puts ura-dora in Asami's own games a year or two before those rules

    Only cited here · bibliography #303

  8. Guide Asami Ryō 浅見了. 「場ゾロ」 (Scoring 05: bazoro). 麻雀祭都. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://mjradio.web.fc2.com/majansite-mirror/tensu05.html

    AI summary What bazoro is, the names it goes by (ban-ban, ryōzoro), how it enters the score and its absence from 22-fu mahjong, with readers' posts from 2008. Read through the Mahjong Radio mirror of the dormant original.

    for this variant Confirms bazoro as something riichi added to the older game, without a date

    Only cited here · bibliography #304

  9. Guide Asami Ryō 浅見了. 「配給原点」 (Scoring 25: starting points). 麻雀祭都. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://mjradio.web.fc2.com/majansite-mirror/tensu25.html

    AI summary Why players start with 25,000 points. Asami remembers 28,000 held and 30,000 returned about 1965, 27,000 appearing about 1967-68 and the later move to 25,000, with the difference going to the winner as a top prize (oka). Read through the Mahjong Radio mirror of the dormant original.

    for this variant Puts oka in play before 1967. The 27,000/30,000 form that Japanese Wikipedia gives for the 1967 rules arrives in his group about 1967-68; he does not mention Amano

    Only cited here · bibliography #305

  10. Guide Asami Ryō 浅見了. 「端数切り上げ」 (Rules 38: rounding up). 麻雀祭都. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://mjradio.web.fc2.com/majansite-mirror/rule38.html

    AI summary How fu and payments are rounded. General Japanese mahjong rounds up twice or three times; early 22-fu mahjong counted exactly; the Japan Mahjong Federation used 四捨六入 from 1932-33 and switched to rounding up in 2004. Read through the Mahjong Radio mirror of the dormant original.

    for this variant Rounding fu to tens was not new in 1967: the Federation had rounded them since 1933, though not always upward. The Chombo Club's statement that arushiiaru fu were not rounded holds only before 1932

    Only cited here · bibliography #306

  11. Journalism Kuroki Shinsei 黒木真生. 「麻雀の歴史③　場ゾロは誰のしわざか」 (History of mahjong 3: who is behind bazoro?). 近代麻雀黒木, note, 24 September 2021. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://note.com/kinmakuroki/n/n3a1286f8741e

    AI summary A column by the Kindai Mahjong writer, edited by the magazine's staff, on how Japanese scores inflated. On the word of Kajimoto Takuhodo, it traces bazoro to doubling the whole table on a roll of doubles. It also touches on dora, ura-dora, furiten and the discarder paying alone.

    for this variant Gives bazoro a gradual origin in salarymen's games, with no date and no mention of Amano or 1967

    Only cited here · bibliography #307

  12. Encyclopedia Japanese Mahjong Wiki. "Daizo Amano." riichi.wiki. cross-check checked 2026-09-19

    https://riichi.wiki/Daizo_Amano

    AI summary Biography and complete ruleset list for 天野大三 (1904-1982): the 1952 Hochi rules and the police incident, and the seven rulesets he authored between 1952 and 1978. Read through the Wayback Machine.

    for this variant Read in September 2026; riichi.wiki now answers 403, so it was not re-read. The reconciliation through a fixed two-han bazoro is the reader's inference: no source read in October dates the change from dice-driven zoroba to a constant two han, and Ishimoto Yōichi has Kansai players using two han on the field before 1967

    Also cited on: Houchi rules, Modern riichi / yonma · bibliography #72

  13. Guide Asami Ryō 浅見了. 「（１６）ドラ」 (Rules 16: dora). 麻雀祭都. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://mjradio.web.fc2.com/majansite-mirror/rule16.html

    AI summary A history of dora from post-war Kansai bū mahjong: the first tile turned after the win for 100 fu, one han each by about 1947-48, then the present indicator and next-tile rule, kan dora and ura-dora. Read through the Mahjong Radio mirror of the dormant original.

    for this variant Re-read for ura-dora. It agrees with the same author's dora04 page and gives no date

    Also cited on: Houchi rules · bibliography #290

  14. Rulebook Amano Daizō 天野大三 and Aoyama Kei 青山敬. 『「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門』 (An illustrated introduction to mahjong under the 'modern rules'). Gotō Shoin 梧桐書院, 1971. 224 pp. cross-check checked 2026-10-08

    https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001297056

    AI summary Amano's primer on his modern rules, written with the first Shūkan Taishū meijin. The National Diet Library's digital copy can be read only on its premises, and its contents list gives no detail.

    for this variant Catalogue record only. The modern rules still went by that name in 1971, the year Japanese Wikipedia gives for the new modern rules, so the book may print either set

    Only cited here · bibliography #308

AI-generated

Analysis

Written by an AI model from the sources above. It is a reading of them, not a source in its own right: every figure in it points back to a numbered source, and where the two disagree, the source is right.

Assessment

Confidence
documented a published ruleset or rule description exists and is cited
Evidence
partial sources agree on some points but disagree or say nothing on others

Cross-comparison

What each source was read to say, set side by side. The numbers are the sources above.

SourceTilesHandFlowersScoringPayout
[1]———1967 modern rules: fu rounded up to the nearest ten for the first time, with bazoro, oka and ura-dora, all still used today; bazoro adds two han to every win whatever the dice show—
[2]———oka with 27,000 points held and 30,000 returned; ura-dora only on a self-drawn win, and the tile shown is the dora, not the next tile—
[3]———ura-dora: the tile under the dora indicator shows the ura-dora, for a win after riichi only—
[4]———bazoro: two han added to every win on top of yaku and dora; the basic-points formula, fu × 2^(han+2), carries it as the +2—
[5]————oka: the difference between starting points and return points goes to the winner of each game, the top prize; 27,000 held gives an oka of 12,000, 25,000 held gives 20,000
[6]———in Kansai, two han on the field for every win, so a win worth 240 under Federation rules became 1,000, and 2,000 with an ura-dora—
[7]———ura-dora at first a bonus of 1,000 points, not a han; at first the tile shown counted, as with the front dora, and later the next tile—
[8]———bazoro: two han added to every win (ryōzoro, ban-ban); a non-dealer's pinfu-only ron is 30 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 4 = 960, rounded up to 1,000, and 240, rounded up to 300, without it—
[9]————about 1965: 28,000 held and 30,000 returned, the 8,000 difference (a non-dealer mangan) going to the winner; about 1967-68: 27,000 held, a top prize of 12,000 (a dealer mangan); later 25,000 held, a top prize of 20,000
[10]———22-fu mahjong at first counted fu exactly (精算法); the Federation tried rounding by 四捨六入 in 1932, adopted it in 1933 and changed to rounding up only in 2004; general Japanese mahjong rounds up on the fu and again on the payment—
[11]———bazoro began as doubling the whole table when the dealer rolled doubles, doubled again for double 1 or a 1-6 seven, and ended as a constant double of a double—
  • [1] in 1967 Amano published the 'modern rules' (gendai ruuru), introducing rounding fu up to the nearest ten, bazoro, oka and ura-dora, all still used today
  • [12] states that the 1967 Modern rules introduced 2 HAN bazoro, oka and uradora. The '2 han' is the detail that reconciles this with the 1957 Tokyo rules, which already had a variable dice-driven zoroba: what 1967 introduced was the fixed two-han form still baked into modern scoring tables, not the idea itself
  • [1] Amano published the 'modern rules' (gendai ruuru, 現代ルール) in 1967. The 1957 Tokyo rules had brought in zoroba, a dice-driven bonus: one han for doubles from 2 to 5, two han for double 1 or double 6. Bazoro, also called ban-ban, den-den, ryanzoro or zoro-zoro, replaced it with two han on every win. The article also says arushiiaru fu were not rounded up to the nearest ten
  • [2] In 1967 Amano published the 「現代ルール」, bringing in bazoro, oka and ura-dora. Before it came the 1957 Tokyo rules (the one-han minimum), the 1958 unified rules and the 1963 'Gorin rules', which simplified scoring. In 1971 came the 'new modern rules' (新現代ルール), named after the weekly Shūkan Gendai: complete sakizuke, ura-dora as the next tile on any win, and kan ura-dora for the first time
  • [3] Ura-dora arrived at different times in Kansai and Kantō: Kansai already had it in the Shōwa 30s (1955-64), and Kantō took it up only in the Shōwa 40s (1965-74)
  • [4] Bazoro grew out of a post-war rule called zoroba, in which the dice rolled at the start of the game added han: one for doubles from 2 to 5, two for double 1 or double 6. It later became a constant two han. Post-war riichi also brought fu rounded up to tens. The article suggests hanafuda's hachi-hachi as the model for a bonus fixed at the start
  • [5] Oka came in after the war and was probably taken from hanafuda, which had a similar rule called ginmi (吟味)
  • [6] From about 1958 the riichi rules set by the Hōchi Shinbun spread. Kansai players were quicker to take them up and added two han on the field and ura-dora as well as riichi, an inflationary rule that spread together with 'dobon', which ends the game when a player runs out of points. The Shūkan Taishū Meijinsen, which he dates from 1965, was riichi with two han on the field and no dora at all
  • [7] When ura-dora were first adopted is unclear. Asami's group took them up from about 1965 (Shōwa 40). Until the next-tile rule settled, players agreed before each game whether to count the shown tile or the next one. Kan ura-dora came after ura-dora had settled and counted the next tile from the start
  • [8] Bazoro did not exist in the era of 22-fu mahjong, and neither 22-fu mahjong nor sports bū mahjong has it today; in ordinary riichi mahjong it is normally counted
  • [9] These are the habits of Asami's own group; he adds that such changes did not reach the whole country at once and came earlier or later by region
  • [11] Kuroki asked Kajimoto Takuhodo, once of the Mahjong Museum, who added bazoro. Kuroki adds that the account is not certain and that nobody knows the order in which such rules spread; ura-dora followed dora in the post-war inflation
  • [13] How ura-dora came about is unclear
  • [14] Amano Daizō and Aoyama Kei, 『「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門』, Gotō Shoin, 1971, 224 pages; digitised by the National Diet Library, for reading on its premises only

Reading it

Two sources agree on the chart's facts. The Chombo Club and Japanese Wikipedia both say Amano Daizō published the 'modern rules' (現代ルール) in 1967 with bazoro, oka and ura-dora. The Chombo Club adds fu rounded up to tens. Japanese Wikipedia's footnotes give the forms: 27,000 points held and 30,000 returned, and ura-dora only on a self-drawn win, counting the tile shown. Neither cites a text of the rules, and none was found. The disagreement is over 'introduced'. Asami Ryō remembers oka at 28,000/30,000 and ura-dora in his own games from about 1965. Ishimoto Yōichi, the Federation's former chairman, recalls Kansai players adding two han on the field and ura-dora after riichi spread around 1958, and Japanese Wikipedia puts Kansai ura-dora in the Shōwa 30s. The Federation had rounded fu to tens since 1933, though not always upward. Japanese Wikipedia and the Chombo Club derive bazoro from a dice-driven zoroba, and Kuroki Shinsei's column from doubling the table on dice doubles, but none of them dates the fixed two han. The 1967 rules look like the first written form of existing house practice, not its origin. Still wanted: the rules as issued, Amano's 1967 books and his 1971 『「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門』, all print-only or readable only at the National Diet Library.

Looked for, not found

  • Tournament rules A general ruleset, not an event's. Ishimoto Yōichi describes the Shūkan Taishū Meijinsen as riichi with two han on the field and no dora; nobody looked for that event's own rules.
  • Law No law bears on a house ruleset published in 1967, and no source read names one.
  • Scholarship CiNii Research found nothing for 現代ルール, 場ゾロ or the history of ura-dora (2026-10-08), and the web searches turned up no study.
  • Forum Not searched: Reddit and BoardGameGeek refuse automated readers, and no Japanese forum turned up in search.
  • Commercial Not searched: no app or parlour plays the 1967 rules as such.
  • Collection Not searched; the Mahjong Museum's catalogue is wanted under Modern riichi.

Known, not yet read

Sources that look worth having but could not be read for this entry. If you can reach one, it can be read and added. Every variant’s list is gathered on Missing sources.

  • Official rules Amano Daizō / Nihon Haikiin 日本牌棋院, 「現代ルール」 (1967), as first issued — The rules themselves, to settle what they introduced and whether ura-dora was self-draw only and counted the shown tile, and oka 27,000/30,000, as Japanese Wikipedia's uncited footnotes say.
    Where: Unknown: no source read says where the rules first appeared. Amano's books of 1967-71 are the likeliest place in print.. Tried: NDL Search finds no 1967-68 title naming the rules (2026-10-08).
  • Rulebook Amano Daizō and Aoyama Kei, 『「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門』, 梧桐書院, 1971 — The earliest book found that names the modern rules. Japanese Wikipedia cites it (as 新現代ルール, p. 52) for ura-dora reaching Kantō in the Shōwa 40s.
    Where: https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/14874285. Tried: NDL record read 2026-10-08. The digital copy can be read only on NDL premises and is not in the individuals' service; remote copying is allowed.
  • Rulebook Amano Daizō's books of 1967: 『麻雀 : 戦術の基礎理論』 (天元書房), 『麻雀に強くなる本』 (文海堂) and 『麻雀の打ち方戦い方』 (東都書房) — Published the year of the rules, so any of them may print them.
    Where: https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/14879531, https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/14879599, https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/14879530. Tried: NDL item records read 2026-10-08: readable on NDL premises only, and the contents lists say only 目次.
  • Rulebook Amano Daizō and Aoyama Kei, 『新現代ルールによる図解麻雀入門』, 梧桐書院, 1979; edition of 1989 as 『図解麻雀入門 : 新「現代ルール」による』 — The source Japanese Wikipedia names for Amano's life and for its scoring details; it should date the change from the modern rules to the new modern rules.
    Where: https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000001-I40221103740645. Tried: NDL Search record found 2026-10-08; no digital copy is listed.
  • Historical 大隈秀夫, 『立直一代 : 日本麻雀裏面史 天野大三の78年』, 竹書房, 1983 — The biography behind Japanese Wikipedia's account of Amano's rulesets, 1967 among them.
    Where: https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000001652706. Tried: Not tried again; the Houchi rules pass found it in print only (2026-10-08).

Where it was searched

Every place the search checklist names for this variant’s languages, and what each gave, including nothing. The last full pass was on 2026-10-08.

Names searched: Japanese 現代ルール; English Modern rules, gendai rules, gendai ruuru.

22 places searched
  • General web search — 2026-10-08. One extended Japanese query (天野大三 現代ルール 1967 場ゾロ オカ 裏ドラ) and two standard ones ("現代ルール" 天野大三 麻雀 昭和42年; the history of oka at 27,000 held and 30,000 returned), plus one standard English query (Amano Daizo "modern rules" 1967 ura dora oka bazoro gendai). They turned up Kuroki Shinsei's note column (read). Also found: the mjall.jp dictionary entry on 場ゾロ, read but only a definition; the 麻雀ローカルルールWiki (atwiki) 場ゾロ page, where the site's Cloudflare challenge answered 403; mahjong.zukeran.org 「麻雀のルールの話（4）」 and a Yahoo! Chiebukuro question on the 1978 new Houchi rules, both readable and left unread. The English query found nothing on the 1967 rules.
  • Wikidata — Not searched: the Wikidata API answered 429 on 2026-10-08, and no item for the ruleset is likely. Japanese Wikipedia covers it under 日本牌棋院, where 天野大三 redirects.
  • Wikipedia, in every declared language — Japanese articles read on 2026-10-08: 日本牌棋院, ドラ (麻雀), 麻雀の得点計算 (through the redirect 場ゾロ) and 麻雀の点 (section オカ); ウマ (麻雀) only points to 麻雀の点. オカ (麻雀) does not exist. The API answered 429 many times that day, and 麻雀の歴史 was never reached. No English article covers the 1967 rules.
  • The sources' own references, and who cites them — One round. From Japanese Wikipedia's ドラ to Ishimoto Yōichi's 『麻雀 今昔』 (read) and to Amano and Aoyama's book (NDL record read; wanted). From 日本牌棋院 to 新「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門 and 『立直一代』 (wanted). Leads for a second round, unread: Kurihara Yasuyuki, 『二色刷 麻雀入門』 (日東書院, 1971) pp. 29-31 and Amano and Aoyama (1979) pp. 120-135, which 麻雀の得点計算 cites for scoring; Asami's dora03 (kan dora); the Japan Mahjong Federation's other 麻雀のお話 posts; and Kajimoto Takuhodo, Kuroki's informant.
  • Internet Archive full-text search — Not searched: the sources are Japanese print of the 1960s and 1970s, which the National Diet Library catalogues.
  • Wayback Machine — Not needed: Asami's dead site was read on its mirror, and every other source is live.
  • Google Books — Not searched.
  • HathiTrust full-text search — Not searched.
  • WorldCat — Not searched: the National Diet Library holds the Japanese print sources.
  • Scholarly indexes — Not searched beyond CiNii (see ja-scholarship).
  • YouTube — Not searched: a 1967 ruleset known through print.
  • English-language forums — Not searched: Reddit and BoardGameGeek refuse automated readers, and the ruleset is not discussed at length in English.
  • Mahjong reference sites — riichi.wiki's Daizo Amano page, read for this node in September 2026, now answers 403. The Mahjong Wiki and Sloperama were not searched: in the Houchi rules pass the Mahjong Wiki had nothing on Amano's rulesets.
  • App and platform listings — Not searched: no platform plays the 1967 rules; today's apps play their descendants.
  • English-language newspaper archives — Not searched: a Japanese domestic ruleset.
  • Statutes published in English — Not applicable: no English-language jurisdiction regulates it.
  • Yahoo! JAPAN search — Yahoo! JAPAN has no open search API. Japanese queries through the general search tool stood in for it (see web-search).
  • National Diet Library — NDL Search, 2026-10-08. creator=天野大三 gives 89 records, among them the 1971 『「現代ルール」による図解麻雀入門』 with Aoyama Kei (梧桐書院, pid 14874285, readable on NDL premises only; its contents list says only 目次). title=現代ルール adds 坂上肇, 『麻雀入門 : 現代ルールによる』 (海南書房, 1973) and the 1989 『図解麻雀入門 : 新「現代ルール」による』. No 1967-68 title names the rules. Amano's 1967 books 『麻雀 : 戦術の基礎理論』 (天元書房), 『麻雀に強くなる本』 (文海堂) and 『麻雀の打ち方戦い方』 (東都書房), and 『麻雀のあがり方』 (金園社, 1968), are digitised for NDL premises only, and their contents lists say only 目次. Unread: 鈴木勝也, 『図で解説したリーチ麻雀必勝法 : 「五輪ルール」和役図解表つき』 (永岡書店, 1967), which charts the 1963 Gorin rules.
  • Japanese scholarship — CiNii Research, 2026-10-08: no results for 現代ルール 麻雀, 場ゾロ, or 裏ドラ 麻雀 歴史.
  • Japanese professional leagues — Not searched for this node: the leagues play today's rules, descendants of these. The Japan Mahjong Federation's site was read for Ishimoto Yōichi's history, whose text comes from the site's blog API (press.bindcloud.jp). The Nihon Haikiin has no site.
  • Japanese community writing — Asami Ryō's 麻雀祭都 through its mirror: dora04, tensu05, tensu25, rule38 and rule16 recorded. tensu06 (27,000 held and 30,000 returned as the mild general form; the 16-point placement system) and tensu22 (5捨6入 rounding from about 1967-68 in his circle) were read and not recorded, and rekisi08 was off topic. On note.com, Kuroki Shinsei's column was read. The atwiki local-rules wiki answered with a Cloudflare challenge (403). Niconico Pedia was not searched.
  • Japanese statutes — Not searched: no law bears on a 1967 house ruleset.

In the tree

Descends from Tokyo rules, as the source chart draws it.

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